The 442nd Infantry Division was formed and fought in 1944 on the European Theater, as part of a self-sufficient regimental combat team of Japanese-American soldiers and white commanders. Despite interment of Japanese-Americans after the Battle of Pearl Harbor, some 14,000 men volunteered to serve the United States. They served in Italy, France, & Germany, and 21 received Congressional Medals of Honor, only one awarded during the war, and the rest in 2000 following a racial discrimination survey of Asian-American soldiers in 1998, ordered by President Bill Clinton.